By : Maola Nurul Sinta
Menjaga kesehatan jantung sangatlah penting, mengingat jantung sebagai organ utama dalam saluran peredaran darah. Dari itu penting bagi kita untuk melakukan pencegahan dini agar tidak memgalami gangguan ke depannya.
Jantung merupakan organ utama dalam menentukan hidup manusia dan sentral organ yang menentukan reaksi kinerja organ tubuh yang lain. Oleh karena itu menjadi sangat penting bagi kita terutama yang sudah menginjak usia 40 tahun keatas untuk menjaga jantung agar tetap sehat.
Serangan jantung atau Heart Attack adalah kondisi yang terjadi ketika pasokan darah menuju ke jantung terhambat. Ini adalah kondisi medis darurat yang biasanya disebabkan oleh penggumpalan darah atau penumpukan lemak, kolesterol, dan unsur lainnya. Gangguan aliran darah ke jantung tersebut bisa merusak atau menghancurkan otot jantung dan bisa berakibat fatal. Dalam dunia medis, serangan jantung disebut juga sebagai infark miokard.
Berikut ini adalah gejala yang mungkin muncul pada penderita serangan jantung.
- Sesak napas.
- Sakit atau nyeri di bagian dada.
- Merasa lemah dan pusing.
- Sangat gelisah atau cemas.
Serangan jantung tidak tergantung pada keparahan sakit dada yang dirasakan. Sakit dada yang dirasakan belum tentu terjadi pada semua orang yang merasakan sakit jantung. Kadang-kadang rasa sakitnya ringan dan disalahartikan sebagai gangguan pencernaan biasa, seperti sakit lambung (maag). Sebaliknya, tidak semua sakit dada adalah akibat serangan jantung.
Oleh karenanya, penting bagi kita untuk selalu waspada akan berbagai gejala tersebut. Segera periksakan diri ke dokter untuk mendapatkan penanganan yang cepat dan tepat.
Penyebab Terjadinya Serangan Jantung
Penyebab utama terjadinya serangan jantung adalah penyakit jantung koroner. Penyakit jantung koroner terjadi karena tersumbatnya pembuluh darah utama yang memasok darah ke jantung (pembuluh koroner). Sumbatan ini disebabkan oleh timbunan kolesterol berupa plak yang menempel di dinding pembuluh darah.
Plak yang retak akan mengakibatkan terjadinya penggumpalan darah. Akhirnya, penggumpalan darah ini akan menghambat pasokan darah dan oksigen ke jantung melalui pembuluh koroner. Kondisi inilah yang akhirnya menyebabkan terjadinya serangan jantung. Beberapa faktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung koroner, antara lain:
- Diabetes.
- Kolesterol tinggi.
- Tekanan darah tinggi.
- Kebiasaan mengonsumsi makanan berlemak.
- Berat badan berlebih atau obesitas.
Pengobatan pada Serangan Jantung
Serangan jantung adalah kondisi medis darurat yang harus ditangani secepatnya. Segera ke rumah sakit terdekat jika Anda atau seseorang dicurigai mengalami serangan jantung.
Untuk penanganan pertama, segera konsumsi aspirin dengan dosis normal 300 mg, tapi sebelumnya pastikan bahwa penderita tidak alergi terhadap aspirin. Obat ini bisa membantu mengencerkan darah dan mengurangi risiko serangan jantung lebih lanjut.
Pengobatan yang diberikan pada penderita serangan jantung adalah obat-obatan untuk melarutkan gumpalan darah dan prosedur operasi untuk mengembalikan aliran darah menuju jantung. Pengobatan yang dilakukan akan disesuaikan dengan tingkat keparahan kondisi penderita serangan jantung.
Serangan jantung yang parah atau terlambat ditangani bisa menyebabkan komplikasi yang serius dan bahkan berakibat pada kematian.
Komplikasi yang terjadi bisa muncul segera setelah terjadinya serangan jantung. Berikut ini beberapa komplikasi yang bisa terjadi akibat serangan jantung.
- Gagal jantung. Kondisi ini terjadi ketika jantung tidak bisa memompa darah ke tubuh secara efektif. Gagal jantung terjadi karena otot jantung telah rusak permanen akibat serangan jantung yang terjadi.
- Aritmia. Kondisi ketika detak jantung menjadi tidak normal. Jantung berdegup makin kencang hingga akhirnya berhenti berdetak dan terjadi henti jantung atau cardiac arrest.
- Syok kardiogenik. Kondisi ketika otot jantung rusak parah dan tidak bisa lagi memasok darah ke tubuh dengan baik. Hal ini menyebabkan fungsi tubuh tidak berjalan dengan baik.
- Jantung ruptur/retak. Kondisi ketika otot, dinding, atau katup jantung sudah retak.
Pasien penderita serangan jantung yang disertai komplikasi sering kali meninggal dunia sebelum mereka sampai di rumah sakit.
Pemulihan dan Peluang Hidup
Seseorang bisa kembali pulih dari serangan jantung tergantung kepada tingkat kerusakan otot jantung yang terjadi. Ada yang membutuhkan waktu beberapa bulan dan ada pula yang butuh waktu hanya beberapa minggu. Tujuan dari proses pemulihan yang dilakukan adalah:
- Mengurangi risiko terulangnya serangan jantung. Hal ini bisa dilakukan dengan perubahan gaya hidup yang dilakukan pasien sendiri. Termasuk di antaranya perubahan menu makanan dan konsumsi obat-obatan.
- Mengembalikan kebugaran fisik. Hal ini bertujuan agar Anda bisa kembali melakukan aktivitas sesuai kebutuhan Anda.
Kematian sering kali terjadi sebelum pasien mencapai rumah sakit, atau dalam satu bulan setelah pasien mengalami serangan jantung. Apabila pasien berhasil bertahan selama sebulan setelahnya, kemungkinan besar mereka untuk bertahan hidup sangat bagus.
Peluang hidup seseorang yang pernah mendapatkan serangan jantung bergantung pada beberapa hal. Pertama adalah usia pasien. Apabila usia orang yang mengalami serangan jantung makin tua, kemungkinan terjadinya komplikasi akan bertambah.
Kedua, tingkat keparahan serangan jantung juga berpengaruh kepada peluang hidup seseorang. Yang paling utama adalah seberapa parah kerusakan otot jantung yang terjadi. Sedangkan yang ketiga, waktu yang dibutuhkan seseorang hingga dia mendapatkan pertolongan saat mengalami serangan jantung. Makin lama penanganan serangan jantung, maka peluang hidupnya akan makin berkurang.
Gejala Serangan Jantung
Serangan jantung adalah kondisi medis darurat yang harus ditangani secepatnya. Segera menuju ke rumah sakit terdekat jika Anda atau seseorang dicurigai mengalami serangan jantung. Gejala serangan jantung yang dapat terjadi adalah:
- Sesak napas.
- Sakit atau nyeri di bagian dada. Dada terasa tertekan, sempit, dan teremas pada bagian tengah. Rasa sakit ini biasanya sangat parah, tapi ada beberapa orang yang hanya merasakan sakit ringan. Kadang-kadang pada wanita, orang tua, dan penderita diabetes tidak merasakan sakit sama sekali.
- Rasa sakit pada bagian tubuh lainnya. Mulai dari lengan terutama sebelah kiri, rahang, leher, punggung, dan juga perut.
- Merasa mual, terjadi gangguan pencernaan, dan sakit perut.
- Merasa lemah dan mudah pusing.
- Gelisah atau cemas.
- Batuk
- Berkeringat
Semua gejala yang disebutkan di atas belum tentu dialami oleh semua penderita serangan jantung. Bahkan ada sebagian orang yang tidak mengalami gejala sama sekali dan sebagian lainnya langsung mengalami henti jantung. Tapi makin banyak gejala yang Anda rasakan, kemungkinan Anda akan mengalami serangan jantung bertambah.
Serangan jantung bisa muncul secara tiba-tiba, namun terkadang, bisa juga muncul tanda dan gejala awal sebelum mengalami serangan jantung.. Gejala awal biasanya berupa sakit pada bagian dada atau angina. Kondisi ini dipicu oleh kelelahan saat bekerja dan reda dengan beristirahat. Angina sendiri terjadi karena pasokan darah menuju jantung berkurang.
Gejala angina mirip dengan serangan jantung, tapi akan menghilang setelah beberapa saat. Kenalilah perbedaan serangan angina dan serangan jantung. Angina biasanya bisa dikendalikan dengan memakai obat-obatan. Dokter akan meresepkan obat untuk dikonsumsi ketika gejala meningkat.
Jika kondisi tidak membaik setelah dosis pertama diberikan, minum dosis kedua pada lima menit setelahnya. Jika perlu, minum dosis ketiga lima menit setelah dosis kedua. Tapi jika setelah dosis ketiga masih tidak bisa meredakan gejala yang muncul, segera ke rumah sakit terdekat.
Jika Anda merasa diri sendiri atau seseorang yang Anda kenal mengalami gejala-gejala serangan jantung, sebaiknya segera ke rumah sakit terdekat untuk mencari bantuan medis. Jika memang tidak terjadi serangan jantung, lebih baik untuk memastikan kondisi kesehatan Anda daripada terlambat menerima pertolongan.
Gejala Lain yang Muncul Akibat Serangan Jantung
Henti jantung bisa terjadi akibat komplikasi serangan jantung. Henti jantung terjadi ketika jantung mengalami kekejangan yang akhirnya mengakibatkan berhenti berdetak. Beberapa gejala yang muncul pada penderita henti jantung adalah pasien tidak bergerak, tidak bernapas, dan tidak bereaksi ketika diajak berkomunikasi atau bereaksi kepada sentuhan.
Apabila terjadi henti jantung pada seorang pasien, pertolongan pertama yang bisa dilakukan adalah melakukan cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) atau resusitasi jantung paru (RJP).
Cara melakukan RJP adalah dengan meletakkan tumit tangan Anda pada tulang dada tepat pada bagian tengah dada. Letakkan tangan yang satu lagi di atasnya dan kaitkan jari-jari kedua tangan. Gunakan berat tubuh untuk menekan dada sedalam 5-6 cm. Ulangi teknik ini hingga ambulans tiba di lokasi.
Penyebab Serangan Jantung
Serangan jantung terjadi karena pasokan darah ke jantung terganggu. Jantung membutuhkan pasokan darah konstan yang mengandung oksigen, sama halnya dengan organ dan jaringan lain di dalam tubuh. Jika jantung tidak mendapatkan pasokan darah yang cukup, otot-otot jantung akan rusak dan akhirnya bisa mati.
Otot jantung bisa mengalami kerusakan yang tidak bisa dipulihkan kembali apabila tidak segera diobati. Jantung akan berhenti berdetak jika kerusakan terjadi pada sebagian besar jantung, ini dikenal dengan istilah henti jantung. Pada akhirnya, kondisi ini akan menyebabkan kematian.
Kondisi utama yang sering menyebabkan serangan jantung adalah penyakit jantung koroner. Ini adalah kondisi di mana pembuluh koroner tersumbat oleh penumpukan kolesterol (plak). Setelah beberapa waktu, plak akan mengalami keretakan. Hasilnya, terjadi penggumpalan darah pada plak yang retak itu. Aliran pasokan darah yang melewati pembuluh koroner menuju jantung akan terhalang oleh penggumpalan ini dan akhirnya menyebabkan serangan jantung.
Selain penyakit jantung koroner, berikut adalah penyebab lain untuk serangan jantung:
- Penyalahgunaan obat-obatan. Obat-obatan stimulan saraf seperti kokain,amphetamine(shabu), dan methamphetamine (disebut juga kristal Meth) bisa menyebabkan penyempitan pembuluh koroner, menghambat pasokan darah, serta memicu terjadinya serangan jantung. Serangan jantung yang terjadi pada pemakai kokain menjadi penyebab utama kematian pada usia muda.
- Aneurisma. Ini adalah kondisi ketika terdapat kelemahan pada dinding pembuluh darah. Dinding pembuluh darah yang melemah akhirnya tidak akan bisa menahan tekanan dari darah yang mengalir melewatinya. Akibatnya pembuluh darah akan mengalami keretakan. Jika aneurisma terjadi di pembuluh koroner, maka aliran darah terhambat dan serangan jantung terjadi.
- Hipoksia atau kekurangan oksigen di dalam darah. Kadar oksigen dalam darah bisa menurun karena keracunan karbonmonoksida atau fungsi paru yang rusak. Sebagai akibatnya, tubuh dialiri darah yang tidak mengandung oksigen dan akhirnya memicu terjadinya serangan jantung.
Faktor Risiko
Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang berkontribusi dalam menyebabkan terjadinya penimbunan lemak dan akhirnya mempersempit pembuluh darah. Beberapa faktor yang disebutkan di bawah ini dapat ditangani atau dihilangkan untuk menghindari terjadinya serangan jantung.
- Riwayat kesehatan keluarga. Jika terdapat anggota keluarga dekat, terutama orang tua dan saudara kandung yang memiliki riwayat penyakit jantung, risiko Anda mengalaminya akan dua kali lipat lebih tinggi.
- Merokok. Karbonmonoksida dan nikotin pada rokok dapat meningkatkan tekanan pada jantung dengan membuat jantung bekerja lebih cepat. Rokok juga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penggumpalan darah. Bahan kimia dalam
- rokok bisa merusak lapisan pembuluh koroner. Orang yang merokok berisiko lebih tinggi 24 persen untuk mengalami penyakit jantung.
- Diabetes. Pada diabetes tipe 1 dan diabetes tipe 2 yang tidak terkendali, kadar glukosa dalam darah yang tinggi merusak dinding pembuluh koroner. Penderita diabetes lebih rentan terkena penyakit jantung koroner.
- Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi. Pembuluh koroner akan menjadi lemah jika hipertensi tidak ditangani.
- Obesitas atau kelebihan berat badan. Kondisi ini tidak secara langsung meningkatkan risiko terkena penyakit jantung koroner atau serangan Tapi kondisi ini bisa menjadi pemicu munculnya faktor risiko lain. Orang dengan berat badan lebih cenderung mengalami hipertensi, makan makanan berlemak, dan berisiko terkena diabetes.
- Usia dan jenis kelamin. Makin bertambah usia seseorang, kemungkinan menderita penyakit jantung koroner juga meningkat. Pria lebih cenderung terserang penyakit jantung koroner dibandingkan wanita.
- Minuman keras. Mengonsumsi minuman keras secara berlebih bisa menyebabkan hipertensi dan kadar kolesterol bertambah. Akibatnya risiko terkena penyakit jantung koroner juga meningkat. Orang yang suka mengonsumsi minuman keras cenderung menjalani gaya hidup yang lebih buruk, misalnya merokok, makan makanan berlemak, dan kurang berolahraga.
- Makanan. Makanan yang banyak mengandung lemak jenuh meningkatkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah. Selain itu, risiko menderita penyakit jantung koroner dan serangan jantung juga akan meningkat. Untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol, Anda bisa mengubah pola makan dan mengonsumsi obat statin.
- Olahraga. Kurang berolahraga bisa berakibat pada obesitas dan hipertensi, yang pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan risiko serangan jantung.
- Polusi udara. Berdasarkan penelitian, pajanan terhadap polusi udara terutama asap kendaraan, bisa meningkatkan risiko terkena penyakit jantung koroner.
- Memiliki masalah dengan penyakit autoimun. Penyakit seperti artritis, lupus, dan penyakit autoimun lain bisa meningkatkan risiko mengalami serangan jantung.
- Riwayat preeklamsia saat hamil. Wanita yang mengalami preeklamsia atau tekanan darah tinggi saat hamil lebih berisiko mengalami serangan jantung.
Diagnosis Serangan Jantung
Jika terjadi serangan jantung atau Anda mencurigai telah terjadi serangan jantung, pada siapa pun, segera ke rumah sakit terdekat. Dokter dapat memastikan diagnosis dan melakukan pengobatan secepatnya. Berikut ini adalah beberapa langkah yang bisa dilakukan untuk menentukan diagnosis terhadap serangan jantung.
- EKG atau Elektrokardiografi. Alat ini berfungsi mengukur aktivitas elektrik jantung. Jantung mengeluarkan sinyal elektrik saat berdetak, sinyal inilah yang dicatat oleh mesin EKG. Dokter akan memeriksa hasil catatan mesin untuk melihat fungsi jantung. Selain memastikan diagnosis serangan jantung, prosedur ini juga bisa menentukan jenis serangan jantung yang diderita.
- Tes darah. Ketika jaringan jantung rusak atau terluka, ada beberapa enzim jantung yang bocor dan masuk ke dalam aliran darah. Sampel darah akan diambil untuk melihat apakah terdapat enzim ini di dalam darah Anda. Tes ini juga dapat membantu menentukan bagaimana respons terhadap pengobatan yang dilakukan.
- X-rayrongga dada. Apabila diagnosis serangan jantung belum bisa dipastikan dan terdapat kemungkinan penyebab lain yang menimbulkan gejala yang muncul, X-raypada bagian dada dapat membantu memperjelasnya. X-ray ini juga bisa memeriksa jika terjadi komplikasi dari serangan jantung, seperti penumpukan cairan di dalam paru-paru atau edema paru.
- Ekokardiogram. Ini adalah jenis prosedur pemindaian ultrasounduntuk mengetahui lokasi kerusakan pada jantung dan pengaruhnya pada fungsi jantung.
- Angiografi koroner atau kateterisasi jantung. Teknik ini berguna untuk menentukan apakah terdapat penyumbatan atau penyempitan pada pembuluh koroner. Prosedur ini juga bisa menentukan di mana lokasi penyumbatan dan penyempitan terjadi. Angiografi koroner biasanya dilakukan sebelum operasi karena hasilnya bisa dipakai sebagai acuan bagi dokter bedah.
- Kardio CT scan atau MRI. Kedua tes ini bisa dilakukan untuk mendiagnosis masalah jantung. Selain itu, tes ini bisa melihat kerusakan yang dihasilkan akibat serangan jantung.
Pengobatan Serangan Jantung
Setelah mengalami serangan jantung, pada tiap menitnya makin banyak jaringan jantung yang kehilangan oksigen dan akhirnya rusak dan mati. Langkah untuk mencegah berlanjutnya kerusakan jantung ini adalah dengan mengembalikan aliran darah secepatnya.
Obat-obatan yang Digunakan
Berikut ini adalah obat-obatan yang akan diberikan untuk menangani serangan jantung.
- Aspirin. Obat ini berguna untuk mengurangi penggumpalan darah. Sebagai efeknya, aliran darah tetap mengalir melalui pembuluh yang sudah mengalami penyempitan.
- Obat penghambat enzim konversi angiotensin (ACE inhibitor). Obat ini berfungsi memperlebar pembuluh darah dan menurunkan tekanan darah sehingga mengurangi beban jantung.
- Trombolitik. Obat ini membantu melarutkan gumpalan darah yang menghalangi aliran darah menuju ke jantung. Makin cepat pasien mendapatkan obat ini setelah serangan jantung, kemungkinan untuk bertahan hidup akan meningkat, serta kerusakan jaringan jantung lebih sedikit.
- Obat antiplatelet. Obat ini berfungsi mencegah pembentukan gumpalan darah dan menjaga agar gumpalan yang sudah terjadi tidak bertambah besar.
- Nitrogliserin. Obat ini berfungsi meningkatkan aliran darah ke jantung dengan melebarkan pembuluh darah.
- Obat pengencer darah seperti heparin juga biasanya diberikan untuk mencegah penggumpalan darah terjadi lagi.
- Obat penghambat beta (Beta blockers). Obat ini berfungsi memperlambat detak jantung dan melindungi jantung dari adrenalin dan noradrenalin di
- dalam tubuh. Obat ini biasanya diberikan ketika jantung tidak bisa memompa darah ke seluruh tubuh dengan baik.
- Obat penghilang rasa sakit (morfin). Obat ini mungkin akan diberikan untuk meredakan rasa sakit, kecemasan, atau ketidaknyamanan yang dirasakan pasien.
Operasi dan Prosedur Penanganan Serangan Jantung
Berikut ini adalah prosedur operasi yang mungkin perlu dilakukan untuk menindaklanjuti serangan jantung yang telah terjadi.
- Angioplasti koroner. Kateter atau pipa kecil dengan balon pada ujungnya dimasukkan ke dalam pembuluh darah besar di pangkal paha atau lengan. Balon akan diarahkan ke bagian pembuluh yang menyempit di jantung. Setelah berada di pembuluh itu, balon dikembungkan untuk membuka pembuluh darah dan juga menghancurkan plak.
- Operasi bypass jantung atau coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Operasi ini dilakukan ketika terjadi banyak penyumbatan pembuluh koroner. Aliran darah ke jantung akan dibuatkan jalur baru. CABG melibatkan pengambilan pembuluh darah dari bagian lain tubuh, biasanya diambil dari dada atau kaki, untuk digunakan sebagai cabang baru.
- Transplantasi jantung. Ini adalah prosedur penggantian jantung pasien yang sudah mati dengan jantung donor yang masih sehat. Donor berasal dari orang yang sudah meninggal dan mendapat persetujuan dari keluarga mendiang untuk mendonorkan organnya.
Pemulihan Setelah Mengalami Serangan Jantung
Jika Anda bertahan setelah mengalami serangan jantung, masa pemulihan yang dibutuhkan bisa berlangsung berbulan-bulan. Pemulihan ini harus dilakukan secara perlahan-lahan.
Tujuan utama dari proses pemulihan ini adalah mengembalikan kebugaran fisik untuk bisa melanjutkan aktivitas sehari-hari (rehabilitasi jantung) dan mengurangi risiko terjadinya pengulangan serangan jantung.
Pasien penderita serangan jantung akan disarankan melakukan aktivitas ringan atau beristirahat sepulang dari rumah sakit. Kegiatan seperti berjalan kaki jarak pendek dan naik-turun tangga beberapa kali bisa dilakukan. Secara perlahan-lahan, tingkatkan aktivitas fisik selama beberapa minggu. Pemulihan hingga ke kondisi awal tergantung kepada kesehatan pasien secara umum dan juga kondisi jantung.
Untuk mengetahui program rehabilitasi jantung, Anda bisa mencari tahu dan menanyakan langsung ke rumah sakit di daerah Anda. Program ini biasanya dilakukan satu hingga dua bulan setelah keluar dari rumah sakit.
Program rehabilitasi jantung ini biasanya disertai beberapa jenis olahraga tergantung kepada pilihan yang diambil dan dilakukan satu atau dua kali dalam seminggu. Sering kali berkaitan dengan olahraga aerobik. Olahraga ini bertujuan menguatkan jantung, menurunkan tekanan darah, dan meningkatkan sirkulasi darah pada tubuh.
Berikut ini hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan ketika menjalani pemulihan dari serangan jantung.
- Aktivitas seksual. Kegiatan ini biasanya bisa dilakukan satu hingga dua bulan setelah mengalami serangan jantung. Aktivitas ini tidak meningkatkan risiko pengulangan serangan jantung, tapi beberapa obat-obatan serangan jantung dan tingkat kecemasan emosi seseorang bisa memengaruhi kemampuan seksual. Tanyakan kepada dokter jika Anda mengalaminya dan beberapa obat-obatan bisa diresepkan untuk mengatasinya.
- Depresi. Kecemasan, ketakutan, dan trauma adalah hal-hal yang wajar dirasakan setelah mengalami serangan jantung. Akibatnya perasaan depresi dan terus bersedih dapat menghantui pasien selama beberapa minggu setelah keluar dari rumah sakit. Segera tanyakan kepada dokter cara mengatasinya, kondisi emosional seseorang juga berpengaruh dalam proses pemulihan.
- Kembali bekerja. Jenis pekerjaan dan kondisi kesehatan sangat berpengaruh untuk menentukan apakah dan kapan Anda bisa kembali bekerja setelah mengalami serangan jantung. Tanyakan dan jelaskan kepada dokter mengenai jenis pekerjaan Anda dan kondisi medis secara keseluruhan sebelum Anda memutuskan kembali bekerja.
- Mengemudikan kendaraan bermotor atau mesin. Sebelum mengemudikan kendaraan atau mengoperasikan mesin, disarankan untuk beristirahat total setelah mengalami serangan jantung. Mengenai kapan Anda bisa mengemudikan kendaraan bermotor lagi, ini tergantung pada tingkat keparahan penyakit Anda. Banyak orang bisa langsung berkendara lagi seminggu setelah serangan jantung. Namun pada kasus yang lebih parah, seseorang harus menunggu sampai sebulan sebelum diizinkan berkendara lagi. Agar lebih jelas, mintalah saran kepada dokter.
Komplikasi Serangan Jantung
Serangan jantung bisa menyebabkan komplikasi yang beragam, mulai dari yang ringan hingga yang bisa menyebabkan kematian. Serangan jantung ringan tidak akan menimbulkan komplikasi, meski kondisi ini juga berbahaya. Berikut ini adalah beberapa komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi pada penderita serangan jantung.
Aritmia
Aritmia adalah kondisi ketika detak jantung menjadi tidak normal akibat dari kerusakan otot jantung. Kerusakan otot inilah yang mengganggu sinyal listrik yang mengalir saat jantung berdetak.
Berikut ini adalah beberapa gejala aritmia yang sering terjadi:
- Sakit atau nyeri di dada.
- Palpitasi atau sensasi jantung berdegup kencang pada bagian jantung atau tenggorokan.
- Merasakan pusing dan kepala terasa ringan.
- Merasa kehabisan napas dan kelelahan.
- Merasa kelelahan
Untuk menangani aritmia ringan, obat-obatan seperti penghambat beta atau beta blockers bisa diberikan kepada pasien. Untuk kasus yang lebih parah, alat pemacu jantung akan dipasang dengan operasi.
Gagal Jantung
Kondisi ini terjadi ketika jantung tidak bisa memompa darah ke seluruh tubuh. Gagal jantung terjadi ketika otot jantung rusak akibat serangan jantung. kondisi
ini biasanya menimpa jantung bagian kiri atau ventrikel kiri. Gejala-gejala yang muncul, antara lain sesak napas, kelelahan, dan pembengkakan pada lengan dan kaki. Obat-obatan bisa diberikan untuk menanganinya atau jika diperlukan akan dilakukan operasi.
Syok Kardiogenik
Syok kardiogenik adalah kondisi ketika otot jantung rusak parah dan tidak bisa lagi memasok darah ke tubuh dengan baik. Hal ini menyebabkan fungsi tubuh tidak berjalan dengan baik. Kondisi ini mirip dengan gagal jantung, tapi lebih berbahaya. Gejala yang biasanya muncul ketika terjadi syok kardiogenik antara lain:
- Kebingungan secara mental.
- Jumlah urin yang dikeluarkan menurun atau bahkan tidak ada karena ginjal berhenti berfungsi.
- Kulit pucat.
- Detak jantung dan napas cepat.
- Tangan dan kaki terasa dingin.
- Kesulitan bernapas
Obat-obatan pengencer darah bisa digunakan untuk mengatas kondisi ini agar darah menjadi lebih mudah dipompa. Setelah gejala awal yang muncul selesai ditangani, terdapat kemungkinan untuk dioperasi demi meningkatkan fungsi jantung yang sudah mengalami gangguan. Tanyakan kepada dokter mengenai prosedur operasi yang bisa dilakukan, beserta risiko dan manfaatnya.
Jantung Ruptur/Pecah
Kondisi ini terjadi ketika otot, dinding, atau katup jantung terbelah. Hal ini bisa terjadi jika kerusakan pada otot jantung cukup parah. Jantung ruptur dapat terjadi sekitar satu hingga lima hari setelah serangan jantung terjadi. Jantung ruptur adalah komplikasi yang cukup umum dari serangan jantung dengan gejala yang mirip dengan syok kardiogenik.
Untuk menangani kondisi ini, diperlukan operasi pembukaan jantung untuk memperbaiki jaringan atau otot jantung yang rusak. Kemungkinan seseorang bertahan hidup setelah mengalami jantung ruptur tidak bagus. Sekitar 50 persen orang yang mengalami kondisi ini akan meninggal dalam kurun waktu lima hari setelah jantung ruptur terlihat.
Pencegahan Serangan Jantung
Serangan jantung dapat dicegah dengan melakukan perubahan gaya hidup dan mengobati kondisi kesehatan yang ada seperti diabetes dan hipertensi. Cara-cara pencegahan serangan jantung juga mengurangi risiko stroke. Terdapat banyak bentuk perubahan pada gaya hidup yang bisa dilakukan semua orang.
Memilih makanan yang sehat bisa dianggap sebagai cara terbaik. Mengonsumsi makanan yang mengandung lemak yang tinggi dapat memperparah atau meningkatkan risiko serangan jantung. Lemak dari makanan akan membentuk plak di pembuluh darah sehingga menghalangi aliran darah. Untuk lebih memahaminya, baca lebih lanjut tentang kolesterol tinggi.
Segera hentikan kebiasaan rokok. Merokok adalah salah satu faktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya serangan jantung dan meningkatkan tekanan darah. Selain itu, merokok juga menyebabkan aterosklerosis atau penumpukan lemak pada pembuluh darah.
Senantiasa berupaya menjaga tekanan darah adalah langkah tepat selanjutnya. Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi akan memberikan beban yang berat pada pembuluh darah dan jantung. Hal ini meningkatkan risiko terkena serangan jantung. Hipertensi bisa dikurangi dengan menjalani diet makanan sehat, membatasi konsumsi minuman keras (alkohol) dan garam, menjaga berat badan tetap ideal, olahraga secara teratur dan konsumsi obat anti-hipertensi. Untuk tahu lebih banyak tentang cara mengatasinya, baca lebih lanjut tentang pencegahan hipertensi.
Sedikikit catatan dari saya buat teman-teman 2783friends bahwa menjaga kesehatan Jantung adalah hal yang paling utama yang harus kita lakukan, karena jantung adalah organ terpenting dalam tubuh kita. Namun, tidak ada salahnya jika kita menjaga kesehatan organ-organ lain.
Semoga info kesehatan ini bermanfaat buat temen-temen semua, apabila ada kekurangan dan kelemahan karena terbatasnya pengetahuan mohon maaf sebelumnya kritik dan saran di tunggu ya.
Smoga Allah SWT selalu memberikan Rahmat dan Karunia Nya kepada teman-teman semua..Aamiin YRA
Referensi
Dari berbagai sumber dan buku-buku tentang menjaga kesehatan jantung
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Djinn Amoureux, explication, symptomes et Traitements chez les musulmanesLe djinn amoureux est un démon qui vit et se cache dans le corps de sa victime et la prend comme son hôte.Ce type de djinn est amoureux de sa victime (un amour maladif très possessif) et il essaie par toutes ses forces de la posséder et de contrôler sa vie. Il se raccorde au cœur pour avoir une emprise sensationnelle. Ce démon diffuse la tristesse, la colère et plusieurs sensations négatives pour affaiblir le cœur de sa victime.Ses blocages et étouffements c’est le djin en toi qui les provoquent, pour ne pas lui donner l’occasion de faire ce qu’il veut sans entré dans les détails, évite de dormir sur le dos ou sur le ventreCe type de djinn se trouve aussi bien chez les hommes que chez les femmes, qu’ils soient célibataires ou déjà mariés. Cela dit, on le rencontre cependant plus souvent chez les femmes.I/ Parmi les symptômes :La personne atteinte peut avoir ce type de symptômes :- Ne veut jamais se marier ou change de sujets-Haine inexpliquée de l’autre sexe (masculin ou féminin)-Aime la solitude-Se regarde dans le miroir- Reste longtemps dans les toilettes, la salle de bain…- Se maquille la nuit avant de dormir des fois (les femmes)- S’énerve très rapidement et changement radical de comportement d’un extrême à l’autre.- Crise et perte de conscience si le malade se retrouve avec beaucoup de monde (par exemple dans un mariage, ou au marché…)- Refus total du mariage sans raison valable.- Rêves érotiques et rêves de mariage dans une église ou ailleurs.- Haine des bonnes odeurs et répulsion pour le Musk.- Incapacité à faire correctement les adorations comme le dikr, la prière…- Avoir des bleus sur le corps.- être paralysé dans le sommeil très fréquemment- dégoût et envie de vomir, oppression sur la poitrine surtout quand lemalade voit son conjoint, il (le malade) préfère qu’il (son conjoint) soit loin de lui.II/ Les raisons principales qui causent cette maladie :- Le mauvais oeil, surtout chez les personnes qui attirent les regards des autres par leur physique.- Un sihr de divorce (pratiquement dans tous les sihrs de divorce on trouve un djinn amoureux)- Le manque de pratique dans la religion- le Sihr tassfih (sort de virginité), pour empêcher les jeunes filles d’avoir des relations sexuelles avant le mariage- Un toucher par un djinn depuis très longtemps.- lire des histoires d’amour et voir des films érotiques.- Le manque de guidée vers le droit chemin et d’adorations.- La présence d’autres personnes malades dans la famille, comme les parents ou autre, sous un même toit- La femme qui ne porte pas Al-hijab Charii (le voile légal) qui est une protection importante chez les femmes.III/ Traitements de cette maladie :L’auteur de laqt al Morjan a dit : la raison pour laquelle le djinn amoureux possède le corps et les rapports intimes. C’est pour cela que le malade doit empêcher le djinn à tout prix d’avoir des relations intimes et ne pas le laisser profiter de lui.Pour cela,- il ne faut pas dormir sans habits ou avec des habits transparents- quand on change ses habits, il faut dire bissmilah Alladi la ilaha illa howa ( Au nom d’ ALLAH, il n’y a d’autre divinité que LUI) avec l’intention de se protéger des yeux des djinns- bien faire les adhkars (invocations de protection) du matin et soir.- Éviter les péchés et faire des bonnes actions- Éviter de dormir seul et demander régulièrement à Allah qu’Il nous préserve du mal de ce djinn.
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